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| 状语从句 撰稿：赵兴明 审稿：白雪雁 责编：张敏 状语从句讲解 对状语从句的考查一直是高考的热点，命题者往往要在一定的语境中来设题，主要集中在： 1. 从属连词的选用，尤其是when, while, until, unless等常用词。 2. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句的时态。 3. 让步状语从句表达的各种时态 4. 考查某些副词如immediately等引导的时间状语从句 5. 状语从句与其他从句之间引导词的辨析及与其他从句之间的联系 a. 时间状语从句: （1）as、when、while用法一览表。
（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词还有: hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as ,once, immediately, the moment, the minute 这些连词都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一… 就”。 No sooner had he arrived than she started complaining. 我们一到她就开始抱怨起来。 The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 孩子一看到母亲就哭了起来。 （3）each time, every time, by the time，the first time, next time, all the time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句。 Each time he came to this city, he would call on me. 每次他来到这个城市，他总是给我打电话。 The first time I climbed over the wall, I felt nervous. 第一次我翻越墙头时，我很紧张。 【考点提示】在时间或条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 (05天津卷) By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _______for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 此题选C， 主句用将来时，且by the time一般与完成时连用。 b. 让步状语从句 （1）although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。 Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted. 尽管他们很穷，可是他们很热心。 （2）even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。 I’ll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air. （3）no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。 Don’t trust him, no matter what / whatever he says. 无论他说什么都不要相信他。 No matter how hard the work is, you’d better try to do it well. 无论这项工作多么艰难，你最好尽力做好。 （4）as也可以引导让步状语从句。要用倒装。 Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他很小，但他知道的很多。 【考点提示】however, as 引导让步状语从句时注意语序的排列。如 (05广东卷) ______, Carolina couldn't get the door open. A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try 此题选A，句意是：尽管她尽力了，可是她不能打开门。 c、原因状语从句： 引导原因状语从句的从属连词是because, for, as, since, now that，seeing that, considering that 等，其语气由强到弱分别是：because →as →since / now that, 而for 只能置于主句之后，是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时；as或since表示某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，常译为“既然，由于”如： It’s morning now, for the birds are singing. （很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。） Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start.” 看到所有的孩子都已经坐好了，他说道“既然大家都已在这儿了，让我们开始吧！” 【考点提示】下列情况下只能使用because: ①在回答why的问句时； ②在用于强调句型时； ③被not所否定时。 Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses______ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. （2004上海） A.because B.through C.unless D.if 此题选A， 表示原因。 d、地点状语从句：引导词有where, wherever Make a mark wherever you have any questions while reading. 读书时在你有问题的地方做个标记 We will go where the Party directs us. 党让我们去哪儿，我们就去哪儿。 e、目的和结果状语从句：引导词有that, so that, in order that，such…that 注意：目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。 (05 北京卷)I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early _______ I can have time for a cup of tea. A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that 答案选D， so that引导目的状语从句，表示“为了，目的是”。 f、条件状语从句：引导词有if, unless, so (as) long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that. （05安徽卷）You must keep on working in the evening, ___________ you are sure you can finish the task in time A. as B. if C. when D. unless 答案选D，unless 表示“除非…，否则…”。 【考点提示】注意状语从句中从句的省略现象，如果主从句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词是be的各种形式时，从句的主语和谓语可以省略。 如：Don’t speak until spoken to. 不要说话，除非有人和你说。 链接高考 【考例1】 _________ you call me to say you' re not coming, I'll see you at the theatre. （四川吉林） A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless 【答案与解析】选D，unless表示“除非…，否则…”。 【考例2】（05天津卷）He tried his best to solve the problem, _______difficult it was. A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although 【答案与解析】选A，句意是：无论问题有多困难，他总是尽力解决。 【考例3】(NMET 2002)The research is so designed that once____ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having beginning C. beginning D. begun 【答案与解析】选D，once 是引导词表示“一旦…就”，后面省略了the research is (begun) . 语法小测 1. The visitor asked to have his picture taken _________ stood the famous tower. A. that B. at which C. when D. where 2.________ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although 3. This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, ______. A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may cost C. however much it may cost D. how may it cost 4. “You can't have this football back_________you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly. A. because B. since C. when D. until 5. —How long do you think it will be ______China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? —Perhaps two or three years. A. when B. until C. that D. before 6. In time of serious accidents, ______ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. A. whether B. until C. if D. unless 7. ________ you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When 8. ______ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem (生态系统) to recover. A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once 9. His plan was such a good one ______we all agreed to accept it. A. so B. and C. that D. as 10. He advised me to live ______ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where14. In peace, too, the Red 11. Cross is expected to send help________there is human suffering. A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever 12. If you are traveling________ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where 13. How can you expect to learn anything ____ you never listen? A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when 14. He was about to tell me the secret _________ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. when D. while 15. Mother asked me to take more money _________ something unexpected should happen. A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. when 答案与解析 1. D。where 表示“在……的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句；此题还涉及倒装，即此句的主语是 the famous tower，谓语是 stood，正常词序为 where the famous tower stood，使用倒装是为了 保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻。 2. D。前后是让步关系，句意为“尽管这个老工人的技术书本知识，”用Although。虽然as也可表示让 步，但要用倒装句式。 3. C。由语序可排除A和D；选项B中的how后加much才对；however much it may cost =no matter how much it may cost不管要多少钱。 4. D. not…until…(直到……才……)是固定搭配。 5. D. 表示“过多久才……”用句型It is +时间段+before…又如It is three years before he comes back here.过三年后他才回来。 6. C. 因为we know….与we can…之间是条件与结果的关系，故用if。 7. A。由句意“如果你不试过，你就想象不到这有多爽。”可知用unless。 8. D。由前后两个分句的逻辑系，可知是条件与结果的关系，用表示“一旦”的once。 9. C。因从句中不缺任何句子成分，这是结果状语从句，并且是such…that…句型。如去掉it，则是 定语从句，用关系代词as，作宾语。 10. D。由live可知，后接居住的地点，由where(……的地方)引导一个地点状语从句。没有in where的 说法，易排除A；因题干中没有选行词，怎么可能用in which引导定语从句呢？排除B；又因 live与the place之间须用in，排除C。句意是“他建议我要住在空气更新鲜的地方。” 11. D．因从句不缺主语、宾语或表语，排除连接代词A和C；由语境可知是“不管哪个地方有灾难(in or to whatever places)”，用wherever引导地点状语从句；另外由send help本身也可知道后 面是指地点，应为地点状语从句。 12. D. 由are traveling可知，后面应是地点状语从句。 13. D. 表示“既然(=since)”用when。 14. C。when 意为“这时(突然)”，主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时。 15. A。in case 起连词作用，用以引导状语从句，主要有两种意思：一是表示条件，意为“如果”、 “万一”；二是表示“目的”，意为”“以防”、“免得”。 |
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